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Headache is a common symptom of neurological and cerebrovascular diseases. In particular, severe headaches - "thunderclap headaches" - warn of a dangerous condition when a cerebral aneurysm threatens to burst or ruptures.
This is a condition of bulging in a weakened cerebral artery. When favorable factors exist, a large amount of blood will rush to the bulge and is likely to rupture the blood vessel, causing hemorrhage (bleeding) in the brain and threatening the patient's life.
The disease usually occurs suddenly, the patient suddenly has a severe headache, then convulsions and falls into unconsciousness.
Cerebral aneurysm rupture can occur at any age, most commonly between 40 and 60 years old and tends to increase in young people.
This is also one of the common causes of hemorrhagic stroke in young people. This dangerous disease causes about 10 - 15% of patients to die before reaching the hospital and about 50% die within the first month after the aneurysm rupture.
The disease progresses silently for many years, and its symptoms depend on the condition of the aneurysm (shape, size, neck of the aneurysm...).
Most people have no symptoms until the aneurysm ruptures. Some symptoms appear because the aneurysm presses on nearby nerves and blood vessels in the brain, including:
- Frequent, prolonged headaches of unknown cause, usually occurring on one side of the head, with little or no relief from common painkillers. The pain may be accompanied by dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and even cause the patient to lose sleep for a long time.
- Double vision or loss of vision in one eye or drooping eyelid in one eye.
- Numbness or weakness on one side of the face or body.
A ruptured aneurysm can cause subarachnoid hemorrhage (blood in the area between the meninges and the brain) or hemorrhage within the brain parenchyma. Before an aneurysm ruptures, it sometimes causes a warning headache due to the expansion of the aneurysm or leakage of blood into the subarachnoid space.
The rupture actually causes a sudden headache, at which point the patient experiences a severe headache, described as a "thunderclap headache" - a headache that occurs suddenly like a strong punch to the head, causing the patient to feel dizzy, lightheaded, accompanied by a stiff neck, vomiting, blurred vision or double vision.
Some cases may have seizures, loss of consciousness, or even death if there is severe bleeding and compression of the brain stem.
There are many factors such as genetics, for example having a relative such as a parent/sibling with a history of cerebral aneurysm, polycystic kidney disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, etc.
In addition, there are factors that contribute to weakening blood vessel walls including: Smoking for many years, uncontrolled high blood pressure, frequent use of addictive substances such as cocaine, excessive alcohol use or excessive exercise; caused by trauma or neurological infections...
The circumstances that cause a brain aneurysm to rupture are often related to high blood pressure in certain cases such as:
- Constant stress or sudden outbursts of anger or strong emotions.
- Overexertion (straining) to lift, carry, or push heavy objects such as weights or objects.
- Having a history of untreated high blood pressure, especially when the weather turns cold, will cause peripheral vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure and easily leading to rupture of cerebral aneurysms.
- To treat and predict the possibility of rupture of cerebral aneurysms, doctors will base on the size, shape, location, level of development over time and the age of the patient. The risk of rupture and complications during surgery will be discussed frankly with the patient and family.
When there are no signs of rupture, cerebral aneurysms are often discovered incidentally when a patient goes for a health check-up or goes to the hospital with a disease related to brain imaging tests such as a brain CT scan or brain MRI.
Therefore, to proactively detect the disease early, you should have regular health check-ups, especially those with high risk factors such as relatives who have had a stroke due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm... Once a cerebral aneurysm is detected, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor's instructions and have regular check-ups.
When there are unusual signs as above, you need to be hospitalized as soon as possible for examination and treatment.
On the other hand, to proactively prevent this disease, you should develop some healthy habits such as not smoking, not using stimulants or alcohol, reducing stress in life and work...
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