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On October 12, an international team of scientists published a detailed map of the genetic, cellular and structural features that make up the brains of humans and primates, which is expected to pave the way for new treatments for disorders of the human brain.
The map, presented in a total of 24 scientific articles published in the journals Science, Science Advances and Science Translational Medicine, details extremely complex features in the brain cells of humans and primates such as chimpanzees, gorillas...
Studies also point to similarities and differences in cellular organization and gene regulation between human and primate brains, shedding light on some of the factors that distinguish humans from prehistoric species.
The human brain is a very complex structure in terms of functions such as sensing, moving, reading, writing, speaking, thinking... and the diversity of cells. Neurons, or nerve cells, are the basic units of the brain, receiving sensory information, transmitting control information to the muscles... The brain has about 100 billion such neurons along with other cells in equal numbers or more. The cells are organized inside hundreds of brain structures responsible for many different functions.
The map identified 3,313 cell types in the human brain, nearly 10 times more than previously thought, and analyzed the complete genomes used in each cell type, mapping the distribution of cells and genomes.
One of the study authors, neuroscientist Ed Lein, of the Allen Institute for Brain Science, based in Seattle, said the global brain cell map provides a cellular-level understanding of everything a human can do. Most brain diseases have no known cure or cure, Lein said. Therefore, this map provides a foundation for advancing research into the cellular basis of brain diseases and for developing a new generation of therapies.
The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimates that new insights into brain structure allow for deeper understanding of brain function and dysfunction at the cellular level, paving the way for the development of next-generation approaches to precision treatment of psychiatric and other brain disorders.
Joshua A. Gordon, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, said that mapping the brain's cellular landscape is an important step in understanding how this vital organ functions in health and disease, and could provide a foundation for new therapies that target brain cells and networks involved in brain disorders.
According to Tin Tuc newspaper
